Amway Marketing Max

The amway is the one of the company in the world who is selling the products which are helpful to the people in home in commercical foe personal and many other factor. But in the india ther are so many person who are very poor and he has no house but some person who are rich and his income per month is 14000 they are using the amway products but the others are donot use the amway bproducts because they are satisfy with the other products because they all are using last some years ago so amway products are not very much using in the india if amway some change for his product place and price so ther is possible to increase in the profit.There are the 4 ps of the company these are as follows Price Place Product and Promotion These are the 4ps of the amway these are common for all the marketing maix for the company. In the amway company 4ps are give the advice for the nutrition food and many other products . Product:- In the amway there are the different types of the products these are a s follows. Nutrition and wellness. consulates. home care. personal care. commercial products.These are the all the amway products but in this ther are the various types just like that Nutrition and wellness * Food supplementary * food * miscellaneous health and fitness Cosmetics * attitude * skin care products Home care * laundry care * apparel care * household cleaners * glass and mettle cares * more†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Personal care * hair care products * oral care products * body and skin care products * family care products * more†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Commercial products * agriculture products the amway company is

Bath concentration of ACh (M) Essay

Results Figure 1 shows that the response of the tissue increased with bath concentration of ACh (M). The logarithms of bath concentration for each response were used to form a clear sigmoidal formation, and thus depict a more clear relationship between concentration and response. Figure 1 shows the increasing rate of response as bath concentration increased, before plateauing around the highest concentrations. Responses ranged from 0.685-100%, while bath concentrations of ACh ranged from 2 x 10-10 M to 8 x 10 ­-6 M (see Appendix, Table 1). The effective concentration causing half of the maximal response (EC50) occurred at a bath concentration of 2.74 x 10-8 M. The Hill coefficient of this curve was 1.237, indicating positive cooperativity. A representation of the isotonic contractions of the ileum can be seen in Appendix, Figures 1 and 2. Figure 2 illustrates the response of the Guinea Pig ileum through isotonic contractions when a dose of ACh is added into the organ bath with a competitive antagonist. A relationship between response and bath concentration can be identified through the clear sigmoidal formation observed in Figure 2. The responses ranged from 0-100% while bath concentrations ranged from 2 x 10-10 M to 8 x 10 ­-6 M (see Appendix, Table 1). The Hill coefficient of the curve was found to be 2.468 while the EC50 occurred at a bath concentration of 6.43 x 10-7. (Legend) Figure 1. The concentration-response curve to ACh in the absence of a competitive antagonist. Each dose of ACh was added to an organ bath containing a section of Guinea Pig ileum and Tyrode’s solution at physiological temperature. The response to ACh was measured by the isotonic contractions of the ileum until the maximum response was reached for the dose, using an isotonic force transducer with metal counter-weight of approximately 0.5g. A wash cycle of approximately 30 seconds overflow was then used to prepare the tissue for the next dose. Figure 2. The concentration-response curve to ACh in combination with a competitive antagonist (Atropine). Each dose of ACh was added to an organ bath containing a Guinea Pig ileum in Atropine solution set at bodily temperature. The response to eat dose of ACh was measured through isotonic contractions of the ileum using an isotonic force transducer with a metal  counter-weight of 0.5g. The response was measured periodically until the maximum response for the dose was achieved.

Roman Architecture from a Typological Standpoint

History and Theory of Architecture and Design Discuss Roman architecture from a typological point of view by emphasizing:The displacement from preexistent to freshly developed typologiesThe accomplishment gained in building techniques wherever applicableSee at least two different types. List of Illustrations 1. Rome, Forum Romanum: program Steve Watson, 1996,The Roman Forum[ online ] . Available from stevewatson.info/Rome/Italy/diary.html. Accessed 14ThursdayApril 2014 2. Athinais, Stoa Basileios: digital Reconstruction of the edifice Kronostaf [ online ] . Available from www.kronostaf.com/nr/images/d/d3/Stoa-Basileios.jpg. Accessed 14ThursdayApril 2014 3. Rome, Basilica Aemilia: program Vitruvius – De Architectura Libri X [ on-line ] . Available from www.vitruvius.be/aemilia.htm. Accessed 14ThursdayApril 2014 4. Rome, Arch of Augustus: a possible Reconstruction of the lift American Journal of Archeology [ online ] . Available from www.ajaonline.org/article/90. Accessed 14ThursdayApril 2014 5. Rome, Pantheon: program ( above ) and subdivision ( below ) My archicad [ online ] . Available from myarchicad.free.fr/Etudes/Pantheon % 20Rome/Pantheo % Rome01.htm. Accessed 14ThursdayApril 2014 6. Rome, Pantheon: the dome Travel there guide [ online ] . Available from www.gothereguide.com/pantheon+rome-place. Accessed 14ThursdayApril 2014 It is hard, without any uncertainty, to discourse about what can be defined as Roman architecture. Roman civilisation covered a immense clip span that began with the foundation of theUrbs( as Rome was called by Latin authors and philosophers ) , traditionally dated to 753 BC, and collapsed with the autumn of the Western Roman Empire, in 476 AD. Therefore, it is deducible that all the populations it got in touch with over the centuries influenced its civilization. Unlike Grecian architecture, merchandise of a self-assured civilisation that was able to keep an unbelievable integrity of artistic intent and that is still recognizable today as belonging to the Grecian civilization ( Ward-Perkins 1912 ) , Roman art and architecture â€Å"Were born and took form in a universe that was already dominated both by the substance and by the thought of Grecian accomplishment, foremost through the Grecian settlements in the West, at 2nd manus through Etruria.† ( Ward-Perkins, 1912, p.9 ) As the consequence of the lucifer of these influences, it could be debatable to understand when it is appropriated to speak about Roman architecture as a definable architectural manner. Harmonizing to Sear ( 1982, p.28 ) , â€Å"It is when all the outside influences had been forged together and assimilated, when techniques and decorations were so to the full understood that they could be used with assurance to make something fresh and original. This procedure of hammering a new manner began under Augustus.† In this essay the displacement from the pre-existing to the freshly developed typologies and the proficient inventions produced by Romans will be analyzed by concentrating on the relationship between the Roman and earlier architectures. In order to discourse this alteration, four typologies, all belonging to the Augustan or subsequently periods, will be taken in consideration. In the first paragraph the writer will reason about the connexion between the Greek agora and the Roman forum. The 2nd typology will concern the beginnings and the chief characteristics of the Roman basilica. The 3rd typology discussed will see the honorific edifice. Finally, the writer will exemplify the typology of the spiritual edifices, concentrating on Roman temples and the Pantheon in peculiar. As antecedently said, it is merely with the beginning of the Augustan epoch that a proper Roman architecture developed. This happened when the Foster boy of Julius Caesar, Augustus, started a redevelopment undertaking of his new born empire’s capital metropolis. Like Suetonius ( 1977 ) studies, â€Å"He found Rome a metropolis of bricks and left it a metropolis of marble.† , and he did it harmonizing to his personal gustatory sensation and involvements. In fact, it has to be considered that a crowned head is by definition the â€Å"architect† of his land. Furthermore, the rise of the Empire is a minute of primary importance for the Roman history. Since that, the Romans of the Republic have ever avoided to allow a individual single keeping absolute power. From this position the slaying of Julius Caesar could hold been justified by the senator’s will of continuing the unity of the Republic. In 27 BC, upon the assignment of the first Roman emperor, all the po wers were put in the custodies of one, legalizing him to became non merely the swayer of the Roman properties but even a kind of God ; to boot, Rome was per excellence the symbol of the emperor’s power. For all these grounds it was inevitable that Augustus likings were a major factor in determining a public gustatory sensation ( Ward-Perkins, 1912 ) . One of the most representative plants in this sense is the continuance of the Forum Romanum, originally begun by Augustus’s male parent Julius Caesar. When believing about the Forum, it is ineluctable to seek to happen a possible connexion with the Greek agora, the public infinite built by the Athenians. The Grecian agora was the topographic point where administrative, politic, legal, commercial and moreover activities occurred and the stoa or colonnade porch was likely the most of import edifice standing in the square: it is defined by Watkin ( 1986, p.49 ) as a â€Å"Covered meeting-place for a broad scope of activities.† However, it has been argued ( Pergolis, cited by Carlos Zeballos ) that the purpose of the agora was to give the citizen uneasiness ; on the other manus the Roman forum’s intent was to do him cognizant of the State. The purpose of the Forum Romanum was to remind the Romans of the award of the old Republic, and the victory of the new leader, Augustus. This aspiration is proved by the plants he started since the early old ages of his reign in this location. Once the redevelopment undertaking ended, the forum consisted in two long basilicas ( Aemilia and Julia ) , three temples, two of them started by Julius Caesar ( temple of Concord and temple of Castor ) , and a new last one, dedicated to the Divus Julius, Augustus former male parent. The temple of Divus Julius was flanked by a monumental building, the Arch of Augustus. All of these architectural buildings played a cardinal function in the Roman history. The Roman basilica is one of the most representative typology of edifices in the Roman architecture. It operated as a meeting-place for the citizens, an exchange for merchandisers and even as a tribunal of justness. In this sense, it has been argued ( Purdue University ) that the design hailed from an Hellenic Hellenic edifice called Stoa Basileios ( Grecian: I I ¬ ) , located in the Athenian agora. In this peculiar instance, the interlingual rendition of the term Basileios is Royal: it was in fact identified as the place of the Archon Basileus, one of the nine head magistrates in antediluvian Athens, whose responsibilities were spiritual and juridical. It appeared to be a rectangular edifice with eight Doric columns along the facade and four interior ( Foundation of the Hellenic World, 2006 ) , a form that good reminds of the basilica. A last grounds of the Greek beginning of the Roman basilica is the spelling of the word basilica itself that, as Welsh stated, came from the Grecia n term â€Å"basilike† , which means â€Å"kingly† . The basilica normally had a rectangular program and it was usually timber-roofed. It besides could hold a rectangular tribune, a individual or two apsiss and an interior colonnade that divided the infinite. The city manager entryway could hold been on either the transverse or the longitudinal axes ( MacDonald, 1986 ) . An illustration of this typology could be given by The Basilica Aemilia. It was one of theearliest basilicas: the first building is dated from 179 BC and it is stated that it has had a two-storied colonnaded facade of 16 bays as a stoa. On the interior, it was located an enclosed hall, where the magistrate could pattern his work. The basilica was wholly rebuilt by Augustus. The Imperial basilica was divided in three parts: the porch, the hall and the †tabaerne† , six square room that were likely used as offices. This porch was absolutely similar to the 1 of the basilica Julia: it consisted in two floors supported by marble’s pilasters and columns. The land floor facade was divided in 14 arches overcame by a Doric Lodge. The usage of the arch is one of the inventions that distinguish Roman architecture from 1s that came before. Greeks ne'er learned to construct an arched building and used a post-and-bean construction, as they did in their stoa. This technique allowed Romans to construct larger suites: â€Å"Arches couldredirecta edifice ‘s weight over long distances to thick stations, leting for huge, comparativelyunobstructedsuites† ( essential-humanities ) . In this instance, because of the singular size of the room, it was necessary to present some metal ironss to reenforce the construction. From the porch, the visitant entered in a secondary room that worked as passageway to the cardinal hall. It consisted in three naves separated by columns ; the side’s 1s supported a 2nd floor. ( Sear, 1982 ) Traveling on, the 2nd type that will be discussed will be the honorific memorial, concentrating on the best-known 1s, the triumphal arches. Boldwin Smith ( 1956 ) asserts that the beginning of triumphal arches has to be sought in the ceremonials of deification of the sovereign that gave a heavenly content to an arched portal, as it happened during the Hellenistic Epiphany. He even stated that merely the common factors in the history of ceremonials could explicate the manner in which the arched passageway was used to mark the ceremonial of Latin Triumph. It was in fact a Latin version of an Etruscan rite in which the Triumphant One was acclaimed as a God. A monumental arch, despite its monolithic and elemental signifier, is a complicated sort of edifice. In every archway the radiality works in opposing way at the same clip, â€Å"It focuses down and in toward the curve’s unseeable centre point, but at the same clip suggests mutual extension fanning outward and upward†. ( MacDonald, 1986, p.75-76, 1sthappening within the paragraphs ) MacDonald ( 2neodymiumhappening within the same paragraphs ) explains that this implies a tenseness that is regulated and framed either by flanking walls, or monolithic wharfs and by masonry piled up above the arch and its supports: this counterbalance is so increased by adding orders and ornaments. Triumphal arches were built in Rome since the 2nd century BC, nevertheless it was Augustus who set the manner for constructing them all over the Empire ( Watkins ) . Sear ( 1982 ) states that in the Forum Romanum it was erected a triumph Arch known as the Arch of Augustus, rebuilt in the 19 BC perchance with fragments from an earlier one, dated 29 BC. A description is given by MacDonald ( 1986 ) : it was a ternary gateway in which the centre nothingness was arched and set between immense wharfs with a outstanding Attic above ; side gateways were trabeated. The orders stood on a pedestals and base on the same degree. The interior one was overlapped with the wharfs and topped by a Corinthian capital. Wilson Jones ( 2000 ) claims that about two-thirds of all imperial columns were Corinthian. This order in fact suited the emperors for many grounds: it was Augustus pick to advance an Hellenic image of his Rome, eventually capable of fiting Greece culturally. For Augustus ‘ purpose t he Corinthian order was perfect to arouse the yesteryear without falling in a mere transcript of Grecian architecture. Furthermore, the acanthus, the taking subject of the order, was a symbol of sacredness but it was non related to any peculiar deity. This characteristic permitted Augustus to advance his imagine of a God. Political deductions in Roman architecture were involved even in the last type of edifice that will be analyzed, the spiritual 1. Roman temples find their beginnings in both Etruscan architecture and, as the old 1s, Grecian architecture. Early Roman temples were realized in brick and followed Etruscan design by demoing high dais and deeply columned porch. After the 2nd century, Grecian orders begun to be employed in the lift and, like Grecian temples, they were east orientated. However, Roman temples tradition had a facade that was easy recognizable thanks to the monumental steps that leaded to the porch, the lone portion of the edifice in which columns were erected ( Dried-up 1982 ) . Above all the others, The Pantheon is the most known Roman temple and it is considered, together with the Parthenon, the most representative memorial of classical architecture. The first Parthenon, commissioned by Agrippa, Augustus’ general and son-in-law, is dated between 27-25 BC. The purpose was to stand for Augustus’ Imperial program’s chef-d'oeuvre: in fact it has been claimed ( Ancient History Encyclopedia, 2014 ) that it may hold been designed as a topographic point where the emperor could do public visual aspects in order to remind his people of his Godhead position. However, the edifice was likely destroyed by fire and rebuilt by Emperor Domitian. The temple once more was destructed by a lightning bolt. The current Pantheon was built by Adrian on his return trip to Rome as the new emperor in 118 AD. Alongside his designers, he decided to construct the new Temple by utilizing a new design that attempts to unify the Greek’s porch and the Roman rotunda ( Wilson Jones, 2000 ) , a typology that had already been used in earlier Roman temples. It has been argued that Hadrian’s purpose was to plan the Pantheon in order â€Å"to turn out that the Imperial order, with its regulation of jurisprudence and its nucleus for the Republic was portion o f the Godhead order, initiated by it and subsumed to it.† ( McEwan, 1993, cited by Art History Presentation Archive, 2007 ) . The accent of the edifice is wholly focused on the interior infinite. The formal strategy of the inside could look rather simple, a cylindrical membranophone topped by a dome. By contrast, this building shows all the astonishing abilities owned by Roman designers and applied scientists. The construction of the rotunda is composed by eight wharfs which support eight arches, which in bend correspond to the eight bays. From this position, the membranophone could be seen as an arched construction designed to cut down weight and minimise the effects of differential colony. Once once more the prevalent order is the Corinthian: Corinthian columns of giallo antico are free-standing in each bay and stand for a superb device to give graduated table. The dome was the biggest of all time realized until the devising of Santa Maria del Fiore’s one in Firenze by Brunelleschi. In blending the concrete, another of Roman’s most superb inventions, several make fulling stuffs were used and graded in order that the construction resulted lighter at the dome’s top by utilizing pumice. The oculus captivates visitor’s oculus and is the lone beginning of visible radiation in the whole edifice, possibly to mean that in the Temple of all Gods the merely light admitted can come from the celestial spheres above. ( Wilson Jones, 2000 ) . In this essay the writer has illustrated the development of the displacement from the preexistent typologies to the freshly developed 1s, every bit good as the proficient inventions implemented. Furthermore, the Roman emperors ‘ political and personal attack to their architectures has been discussed. Four instances of survey were presented: foremost, a relation between the Greek agora and the Roman forum was demonstrated by demoing similarities in their utilizations but different political purposes ; secondly, the writer illustrated the Roman basilica as a new type of edifice that perchance derived from the Grecian stoa. Traveling on, political deductions and Hellenistic beginnings have been debated and proficient characteristics have been shown by showing the triumphal arch ‘s typology. Finally, the last instance, the spiritual edifice type, has been analyzed by concentrating on the Roman temple with two intents: in the first topographic point to explicate analogies with earlier illustrations and so to depict one of the most important edifice in Roman architecture, the Pantheon. Bibliography Ancient History Encyclopedia ( 2014 )Pantheon[ Online ] . Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ancient.eu.com/Pantheon/ [ Accessed 05 April 2014 ] Art History Presentation Archive ( 2014 )The Pantheon and Hadrian’s Building Program[ Online ] . Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //honorsaharchive.blogspot.co.uk/2007/01/pantheon-and-hadrians-building-program.html [ Accessed 05 April 2014 ] Baldwin Smith, E. ( 1978 )Architectural Symbolism of Imperial Rome and the in-between Ages1stEd. New York, Hacker Art Books Essential Humanistic disciplinesRoman Architecture[ Online ] . Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.essential-humanities.net/western-art/architecture/roman/ [ Accessed 05 April 2014 ] Foundation of the Hellenic World ( 2006 )Stoa Basileios[ Online ] . Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //project.athens-agora.gr/index.php? view=ktirio & A ; pid=1 & A ; lang_id=en [ Accessed 05 April 2014 ] Mac Donald, W.L. ( 1986 )The Architecture of the Roman Empire, Volume II – an urban assessmentUsa, Yale University Press Purdue UniversityRoman Basilicas[ Online ] . Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //web.ics.purdue.edu/~rauhn/roman_basilicas.htm [ Accessed 05 April 2014 ] Sear, F. ( 1982 )Roman ArchitectureLondon, Blatsford Academic and Educational Limited Suetonius, ( 1977 )The Twelve Caesar11ThursdayEd. trans. By Graves, R. Harmondsworth, Penguin Books Ltd Thayer, W. ( 2008 )Basilica Emilia[ Online ] . Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/I/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/Forum_Romanum/_Texts/Huelsen*/2/21.html [ Accessed 05 April 2014 ] Ward Perkins, J.B. ( 1977 )Roman ArchitectureNew York, Harry Adams Incorporated Watkins, D. ( 1986 )A History of Western Architecture3rdEd. London, Lawrence King Publishing Wilson Jones, M. ( 2000 )Principles of Roman ArchitectureSingapore, Yale University Press Zeballos, C. ( 2011 )The Agora of Athens Vs. The Roman Forum[ Online ] . Available from hypertext transfer protocol: //architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.co.uk/2011/12/agora-of-athens-vs-roman-forum.html [ Accessed 05 April 2014 ]

Curriculum redo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Curriculum redo - Essay Example The reason being, unlike older times, today’s industrialized world is heavily based on sectors of industries run by qualified individuals. This means that, only a person with sufficient acumen of business can run successful merchandise and only a qualified doctor can provide medical care to the sick. The reliance of this industrial matrix on the notion of transmission of specific quanta of knowledge from one generation of employees to the next ensures a continued, long-term importance of the profession of teaching. Like any other discipline, the discipline of pedagogy is full of theories and principles that provide groundwork for the educators, researchers and the teachers to develop effective classroom environment and lesson plans (Wiles, 2010). This does not only help the teachers in imparting knowledge to the learners in the most conducive environment but also help the learners to accumulate this knowledge and reflect upon it, thereby broadening their intellectual horizons (Weimer, 2002). One of the theories that arose in the past decade in this regard was the Curriculum Theory, which brings together the elements of theory and practice on one avenue. ... This paper examines the efficiency of two such ideologies in an instructional setting. It then merges these two ideologies in forming a personal philosophy of curriculum, which then forms the guiding principle for the personal teaching practice (Wiles, 2008). It is important here to establish few observations about the instructional setting in which the ideology implementation will take place. The setting here is a high school for at-risk teenagers at an adult county jail where the curriculum will be taught to English Language Learners. The setting is different from most high schools because of its students. The learners are mostly from the minority groups with poor financial background, susceptible to drugs, street crime who little no exposure to a proper school system before. To begin with, let us look at the Social Reconstructive curriculum ideology in detail and examine its appropriateness to the instructional setting. The social reconstructive ideology holds that the purpose of education is to reform the values of the society (Weimer, 2008). This ideology perceives curriculum as a tool of social reconstruction. This is important because this explains why this ideology is significant to the development of curriculum for ELL learners in adult county jail. The learners in this setting are not only materially disadvantaged but have also been victims of aggression, violence, and abuse. As psychology dictates, such adverse living conditions and unhealthy lifestyle not only affects the physiological health but also disrupts the psyche and the personality of the subjects making them more pessimistic and violent. Thus, the protocol of Social Reconstructive ideology influences this very aspect of their lives and plays a

Addiction in Pregnancy to Prescription Drugs Essay

Addiction in Pregnancy to Prescription Drugs - Essay Example Another form of abuse is taking the medicine while still using alcohol and other narcotic drugs. Moreover, abuse of the drugs can be in the form of taking medicine without consent of a medical profession in order to relieve pain. Availability of the drugs makes it easy for most people to access them. This paper illustrates some of the common issues related to addiction of prescription drugs among pregnant women. Introduction Most pregnant women expose themselves into the dangers of abusing of prescription drugs. This abuse tends to cause many health risks to both the mother and the infant. After taking the prescription drugs for sometime without following the regulations ordered by the provider, most of the pregnant women find themselves becoming addicts. Through biological research work, there is enough evidence that everything a pregnant woman eats or drinks have the potential of reaching to the infant. Moreover, the substance ingested may have various effects, either positive or n egative on the infant. Any drug that a pregnant woman may take eventually crosses and reaches the infant. This gives a clear indication that addiction to prescription drugs harms the unborn baby. Provide a brief overview regarding the substance. Prescription drugs are of many kinds depending on their nature of use. Some of the commonly types include Opiods. Most of the drugs under Opiods are prescribed to treat various discomforts that come up because of pain (Schmid et al., 2010). Another common abused one includes the CNS depressants. These types of drugs are commonly prescribed to a patient with aim of reducing anxiety. Moreover, patients with sleeping disorders may take these drugs to improve their sleeping patterns. Examples of these drugs include mephobarbital and pentobarbital (Hanson, Venturelli & Fleckenstein, 2011). The use of all of the above prescription drugs and many more others not mentioned tends to be risky to the unborn child when taken against the instructions. Wh at is the nursing care considerations associated with the use of the substance during pregnancy? If a pregnant woman is taking prescription drugs, she should inform her health care provider. This helps the medical professional to offer necessary medication at the right time. A woman ought to provide her history on the drugs abuse and state the type of drugs she has been using while in pregnancy or before. This will assist the nurse in providing the best advice about how to stop the addiction and live healthily for her benefit and that of the unborn child. Moreover, nursing care considers universal screening of the drugs as the option to determine how they may have affected the woman and the infant in order to provide the recommended medication (Cazacu, et al., 2011). Another consideration that nurses tend to make is checking the level at which the prescribed drugs may have affected the infant. In some cases, it is not advisable for an addicted woman to stop taking the drugs immediat ely. Stopping the drugs at once may lead to a higher chance of causing death to the infant. Therefore, it is advisable for the women to seek medical advice from medical professionals in order for the situation to be addressed carefully. Another nursing care consideration entails that the woman should be ready to undergo various laboratory check-ups in order to determine the level of the effects on both the woman and the infant. What are the nursing care considerations specifically during the second trimester related to this substance? Exposure to prescription drugs

Literature review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Literature review - Research Paper Example In Edwin’s view, it was wrong to use information collected from men to arrive at conclusions about the entire society without seeking the views of both women and men. He argued that it was this hierarchy in society that had rendered women voiceless over the years. The main proponent of the theory is Cheris Kramarae. The Muted Group Theory has been used for purposes of communication studies. Cheris Kramarae, once a professor in charge of Women’s Studies, worked with various lecturers from around the world. According to Cheris Kramarae, the ideas contained in the Muted Group Theory state that men created communication as a tool for taking advantage of women (Kramarae, 1981). The theory requires women to play strictly within the confines of the language developed by man and are therefore not allowed to have their own way of expressing their feelings and thoughts. Muted group theory also provides an explanation as to why there are groups in society that have a voice while s ome are mute. In her 1974 study, Chen's Kramarae focused on how the characters in cartoons are quite deceptive. She noted that the female cartoon characters were portrayed as being apologetic and emotional. They are also depicted as flowery and vague in the way they communicate. Words such as pretty and nice are used to refer to these characters. It is from this initial study that she found evidence that supported the muted group theory (Griffin, 1997, p. 459). LITERATURE REVIEW The first book that I will analyze is the book written by Belenky titled Women's ways of knowing: the development of self, voice and mind. In this book, the author analyzes the way women’s feelings are not adequately served. The author argues that this is probably the reason why women face challenges when trying to climb the corporate ladder (Belenky, 1986). The author also states that in many cultures women are ignored and often discouraged from joining male dominated industries even when they have t he knowledge required. What was disappointing about this book was that the Muted Group theory was not mentioned and I had to critically analyze it in order to gather relevant information out of it. The author also used several theorists to explain herself which made the book even more complicated to analyze. The second book I will review is a book by Griffen titled the ‘Proprietors of language' and argues that language was developed by men and that women were not consulted in its development. In this case men are referred to as the dominate group while women, the mute group (Griffen, 2004). Muted Group theory is used to explain the reason why some groups in the society; in this case women are silent. According to Ardener, this group that is muted can be studied from a gendered outlook. Females behave differently from males because they are constructed in a different way. It is these same differences that Ardener argues qualify women to be classified among the muted groups and undervalued in society. The aspect of this book that I did not like was that the chapters were not directly related to the Muted Group theory either. The issues discussed were however quite interesting despite not being topical. It was however

Watergate Scandal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Watergate Scandal - Essay Example Edward M. Kennedy and a young woman’s death. Remarkable of this incident is that it engulfed the U.S President Richard M. Nixon and many of his followers in an array range of illegal acts and hence triggered the resignation of the president who ended as â€Å"one of the sorriest spectacles in [U.S] national experience,†1 as a journalist from the New York Times put it. According to many investigations, the burglary has been carried out by five men who were later captured in the Democratic National Committee Watergate hotel. This serious incident garnered little media attention, yet it should be pointed out that two dedicated reporters, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, both of whom were working for the Washington Post played, particularly, critical roles and managed somehow to uncover the president’s sponsored plan of espionage to discredit Democratic candidates. In addition to the reporters, another man called Sussman was directly involved in the Post’s effort to reveal and unveil the truth in the face of the general apathy by the press and the public and the White House pressures. Sussman cleverly remarked that the mass media, namely the press, was just not much concerned with the Watergate issue at the very beginning; however, the Post did its best and utmost to unearth the scandal. Sussman added that even the Congress repeatedly attempted to avoid if not ignore the Watergate Issue. He wrote that an â€Å"overwhelming number of congressmen had consistently turned their backs on Watergate until it surrounded them. They were still reluctant to deal with it, hoping Nixon would solve what was becoming their dilemma.†2 No doubt the Watergate scandal aroused considerable interest in how scandals are covered and oftentimes uncovered by the mass media. Of course, none can deny that the whys and the wherefores of Watergate have been widely investigated as many scholars conducted serious investigations and surveys about it. We can mention, in this

Alcan case study analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Alcan case study analysis - Essay Example In its entirety, business management is highly critical and constantly evolving especially in the aspect of resources, and this is the central idea where the Alcan case revolves around, managing the work force, because people is the most essential asset of any business that hopes to be successful for the long term2. In the Alcan case, the conflict created by lack of communication and the inability to effectively manage the work force created placed the smelting industry at risk of loosing enormously even to a point of closure. The succeeding paragraph will therefore attempt to dissect each of the issues contributing to the tension as well as the solutions that were implemented, ending the rift between management and labor union. The main issue involved in the Alcan Case is Industrial labor relations creating an impact in the productivity of the manufacturing plant. In an industry that utilizes human resource as the main key to productivity, human resource management plays an imperative role in the sustainability of that industry whereby excellent degree of skills are required to handle issues from recruitment requisites, skills training and performance ensuring personnel and management policies conforming to regulations. Managing the work force as well production is a very complicated task that requires a higher level of understanding of theories related to management and organization. There are many proponents to these theories, and almost all of them are relevant to the issues present in the Alcan Case. It is important to note that the core of the Alcan issue involves the increasing grievances of the workers owing to the tension within. Among the theory applicable to this case is the system theory whereby managers are to recognize the various parts of the organization when attempting to resolve issues There are several contemporary theory of management, among them includes contingency, system and chaos theory. Contingency theory asserts that when managers make a decision, they must take into account all aspects of the current situation and act on those aspects that are key to the situation at hand3. System theory on the other hand, helps managers view the organization from a broader perspective, since this theory brought a new perspective for the interpretation of patterns and events in the workplace. It recognizes various parts of the organization, specifically the interaction and coordination within central administration with its programs, engineering with manufacturing, supervisors with workers. Chaos theory recognizes that events indeed are rarely controlled. In his article, Mcnamara claimed that many chaos theorists refer to biological systems when explaining their theory and suggest that systems naturally go to more complexity, and as they do so, these systems become more v olatile (or susceptible to cataclysmic events) and must expend more energy to maintain that complexity. As they expend more energy, they seek more structure to maintain stability. Mcnamara further said that this trend continues until the system splits, combines with another complex system or falls apart entirely. This trend is what many see as the trend in life, in organizations and the world in general4. The underlying root cause of the Alcan/Lynemouth smelting industry was a classic case of human resource mismanagement. There was an

Cover page and other minor requriments to be added Essay

Cover page and other minor requriments to be added - Essay Example Moreover, organizations should make sure to implement periodic changes in its culture based on the changes happening in science and technology and the subsequent changes in the life and living standards of the employees. 11 Executive Summary Organizational culture includes the principles and technologies embraced by different organizations. These are dynamic and vary from one organization to another. Organizational culture is directly related to employee performance as it sets the environment in which the employees work. Different elements in the organizational culture determine the performance of employees. These are the management style, right state of mind of employees, degree of motivation of the employees, organizational change such as downsizing, workload of employees, employee reward packages, and internal and external cultures of the organization. Depending on the nature of these elements, employees will be motivated to perform to their best level, or may be demotivated and p erform poorly in their work. The company management ought to ensure that all these elements of organizational culture are favourable to the employees, and are a source of motivation for them to perform maximally and get satisfaction in their work. Good organizational culture boosts employee performance, while poor organizational culture lowers employee performance. Introduction Since culture is a word associated with human behaviour, organizational culture can be referred to as the collective behaviour of the employees of an organization. Culture of one country may not be the same as of other countries, because of the huge differences in social, economic, political and environmental or geographical differences between different countries. For example, America is an extremely wealthy country in which democratic administration prevails and majority of Americans are believers in Christianity. On the other hand, China is a communist country in which religion has no significant roles. Th erefore, organizations working in these two countries are entirely different as far as culture and working environment are concerned. Organizational Culture Organizational culture is not a static phenomenon. It is a dynamic phenomenon, which undergoes periodic changes because of the advancements in science and technologies and subsequent changes in organizational principles. For example, the introduction of computers, internet and globalization have brought tremendous changes in the functioning of organizations. Majority of the corporate companies are currently operating internationally because of globalization. Outsourcing and offshoring are some of the new business terms brought in to this world by globalization. Instant and enhanced communication was introduced in the organizational world with the help of computers and internet. All these developments caused huge changes in organizational culture. Organizational Culture and Employee Performance Employee performance is directly co nnected with organizational culture. All organizations like to derive maximum output from an employee; however, few organizations provide the necessary organizational culture for the employees to perform well. Management styles in different countries and different organizations are entirely different and hence employees in different organiz

Discuss the reasons that France was ripe for a Revolution in the years Essay

Discuss the reasons that France was ripe for a Revolution in the years leading up to 1789. Include a discussion of Sieyes''What is the 3rd Estate '' and the Cah - Essay Example It was under the motivation, guidance and inspiration of the bourgeois that the French revolution took place. There have been a lot of debates and discussions as to what led to the French revolution. Critics vary in their analysis of the true cause behind the revolution. According to Hunt (p 5), the middle-class intellectuals were the masterminds of the revolutionary plot as this particular social class was economically well-off, socially aware and educationally advanced. The bourgeoisies were against feudalism and absolutism and stood for democracy. Furet is of the opinion that one of the many reasons of the French Revolution was a change in the mindset of people for a newer and liberal kind of political establishment. On one hand the increasing exploitation of the third Estate with the drainage of the royal treasury spent on mindless luxury of the nobility, levying heavy taxes on common people at whim and on the other the coming into sense and socio-economic status of the bourgeois were reasons for the mass outburst. Moreover, it was a revolution where women too played significant roles a s the social status of women was as good as nothing (Levy et al). There was a demand for the declaration of the rights of man that was behind the radical decision to storm Bastille in 1789 (Hunt et al p 653, Lualdi p 50-52). However, there was no attempt to reform the older policies to uplift the general scenario of the ailing land and its people. Joseph Sieyes has provided a vivid and detailed description of the function and potential of the third Estate thereby nullifying any requirement or presence of the other two Estates that of the King and the Church. He has defined his own class system that is not based on the paradoxical concept of hierarchy but on an innovative concept of work sequence. According to him peasants should ideally belong to the first class because agriculture is the basis of any nation. Next he puts the workers

Comparison Buying a Home vs. Renting an Apartment Research Paper

Comparison Buying a Home vs. Renting an Apartment - Research Paper Example Renting is an agreement where a payment is made for the temporary use of a good or property owned by another person or company (Answers, 2009). Renting agreement are very popular in the United States because they are a cheaper way to obtain a home or apartment. A person that rents does not have to pay any property taxes since they are not the owners of the home. Lease agreements for apartments or homes typically are signed for a time span of one year. A person that rents an apartment benefits in others such as having great flexibility. If a person does not like the place, they can move out into another rented apartment after the term of the lease expires. Another advantage of renting is that a person does not have to have good credit in order to qualify for the lease. Credit scores and standing are rarely a part of the renting agreement process. We are living in some tough economic times. The unemployment rate in the United States has reached a whopping 9.5% (Bls, 2009). When people lose their jobs sometimes it is hard to pay a mortgage. A person that leases can maneuver better during hard economic times. A person that leases has the option of leaving the place and moving in with relatives until they get back on their feet. A rental agreement is short term commitment, thus it gives a person more flexibility as far as being able to relocate easier. Despite the many advantages of leasing, there are also major cons associated with renting. A person that pays rent is always giving money to someone else without the benefit of getting any financial rewards in return. When a person rents they are basically paying another bill, thus renting could be categorized as a type of expense. Buying a home is a completely different proposition. Â  

Using a Cell Phone While Driving Essay Example for Free

Using a Cell Phone While Driving Essay Have you ever used a cell phone while driving? Is it dangerous or not? Using a cell phone while driving is common, but widely considered dangerous. We can’t imagine our life without using a cell phone. It is a part of our daily activities. We use a cell phone to make calls, E-mails, text massages, surf the Internet, to listen music’s and many other daily activities. Many of these activities take place while a person is driving. So, it is not only becoming a part of our daily activities, but also putting our life at risk. In my point of view, using a cell phone while driving increases the risk of accident. Using a cell phone while driving distracts our mind. Distraction is an important risk factor of traffic injuries. Suppose, you are holding your phone on your ear, listening to the conversation, and managing your car all at once. Youre not paying attention; you could miss a turn or not see something coming out into the road. This can be incredibly dangerous. Using a cell phone while driving distracts your mind obviously. It can cause your eyes off the road, hands off the steering wheel and mind off the sudden situation that can lead a dangerous accident and consequent may be sport death. Moreover, if you are speaking on cell phone being on the road you can not notice all traffic signals, may reach too close to other vehicle and find it very hard to keep a regular speed. That’s why you must remove your cell phone from steering wheel and have to keep your eyes on the road. So, calling, talking or reading a message on cell phone while driving distract your mind that can lead an accident. Using a cell phone while driving decrease performance level of the driver, no matter how excellent you are at driving. Driving is a skill that requires full attention of mind to safely control the vehicle. A cell phone conversation reduces that skills and you may forget lane keeping and changing, traffic rules, signals and cannot control the speed of your vehicle. One of my friend said that, he was almost killed on his motorcycle while trying to avoid being hit by reckless driver who was engaged on cell phone. So, talking on a cellphone while driving reduces the  competency level of control the vehicle as well as increases the probability of accident. Moreover, if you texting message while driving, you require a lot of focus on writing because you are constructing sentences. Often while texting, your eyes will leave the road. This is very dangerous, as a result you can hit a pedestrian, another vehicle and other hazard in the road. Engaging on a cell phone while driving is very risky task. A cell phone can distract your mind and reduce your driving skills. It will grab your attention and can easily lead to an accident. There is no doubt, using a cell phone while driving put your life at risk as well as other.

The Indonesian Tourism Industry Tourism Essay

The Indonesian Tourism Industry Tourism Essay The capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta with a total populations of 9.6 million (BPS, 2012) with five areas namely West, East, North, South and Central, has positive economic growth since period 2000 to 2011, which mostly was sustained by the three main sectors such as (1) financial, real estate and business services sector, (2) trade hotel and restaurant sector and (3) manufacturing sector. (BPS, 2012) The increasing of economic growth gives impacts to the tourism industry in Indonesia. In January 2011, the Culture and Tourism Minister of Republic Indonesia announced the replacement of Visit Indonesia Year branding with Wonderful Indonesia as part of tourism campaign that expected to attract 7.7 million foreign tourists and generate $8.3 billion of revenue. Whereas 50% of this revenue will be generated from meetings, convention and exhibitions that will take place in various place in Indonesia. (The Jakarta Post, 31st December 2010). Jakarta, where the central government, trade, services and industry are located at, makes Jakarta a destination for business travellers or as a government central meeting. In addition, with the completing facilities at JIExpo Kemayoran in North Jakarta, Jakarta Convention Center in Central Jakarta, Balai Kartini in South Jakarta, Semanggi Expo in South Jakarta, Jakarta will become one of the tourism destination for MICE (Meeting, Incentive, Convention, and Exhibition) business. (Sarya, 2011, p.16) Table 1.:The statistic of number of international tourist arrival through gate Airport Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 Soekarno Hatta, 1,464,717 1,390,440 1,823,636 1,933,022 Ngurah Rai, 2,081,786 2,384,819 2,546,023 2,788,706 Polonia, 130,211 148,193 162,410 192,650 Sam Ratulangi 21,795 29,715 20,220 20,074 Batam 1,061,390 951,384 1,007,446 1,161,581 Juanda, Surabaya 156,726 158,076 168,888 185,815 Adi Sumarmo 19,022 16,489 22,350 23,830 Minangkabau, 40,911 51,002 27,482 30,585 Others 1,257,939 1,193,612 1,224,489 1,311,468 Amount 6,234,497 6,323,730 7,002,944 7,647,731 Source: Biro Pusat Statistik, 2012 Table 1.1 shows that the international tourists who arrived through Jakartas International Airport namely Soekarno Hatta, have increased year to year which in 2011, it reached about 1.9 million. The total international tourists who came to Indonesia in 2011 have almost reached the target of the Culture and Tourism Minister to attract 7.7 million foreign tourists. Hotel Industry For some big countries like Jakarta, which has many business activities, hotel becomes one of the most productive income-producing properties (Internal data Colliers International Indonesia, 2012). There are four benefits from hotel industry for a country (Medlik Ingram, 2000, p.4), which are, In some areas, hotel as an attraction of visitor who bring spending power and who tend to spend more money than they do when they are at home. This visitor spending power often gives big contribution to the economy revenue of a country. In Jakarta, hotel, trade and restaurant sector is one of top three sectors which give a biggest contribution in GDP for mostly years. From period 2009-2011, hotel, trade and restaurant sector has contributed 20% for DKI Jakartas GDP (Gross Domestic Product). (BPS, 2009 2011) In areas which receiving foreign visitors, hotels play big roles as foreigner currency earners which can give big contribution to their countrys balance of payments. For countries which have small possibilities of export may take hotels as their foreigner currency earners. Hotels can provide many job opportunities that this role is important for areas which have small number of sources of employment, where they contribute to regional development. Hotel can act as a medium to promo the products of other industries. Mostly hotel are supplied with food, drink and other consumables which purchased from local farmers, fishermen and other suppliers. Using local products in their services makes this hotel not only can contribute directly to their economy revenue to nation as a foreigner currency earners but also indirectly as an outlet to promote other local industries. Hotels may become social activity centres for local people and often their restaurants and other facilities can attract local custom. The positive macroeconomic growth encourages the positive growth of hotel supply in Jakarta, as a respond from hotel groups for the positive growth of room demand. Some hotel groups expand their hotel chain by increasing their number of hotel, such as Tauzia (local chain) which its hotel management will develop 23 hotels until 2012, consist of 15 units Harris Hotel and 8 units of Pop Harris. Next, there is the Accor group (international chain based on France and the largest operator of hotels in Asia Pacific) plan to expand their network across Indonesia from 40 hotels in 2011 to 100 hotels by 2015. PT Surya Semesta Internusa Tbk (SSIA), who own and manages the 5-star Gran Melia Hotel Jakarta and Melia Hotel Bali, plans to expand its revenue in the hospitality market by developing a budget hotel network in 2012. The increasing number of hotel for a budget hotel to a five stars hotel for period 2000 2011 are shown on the Figure 1.2, (from the period 2012 2015 are projection number), Source: Adopted from data internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012 Figure1.: The hotel supply in Jakarta by number of hotel from period 2000-2015 Source: Adopted from data internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012 Figure1.: The hotel supply in Jakarta by number of room from period 2000-2015 Based on the Figure 1.2, the supply of hotel since 2000-2011 are dominated by 5-star hotel and 4-star hotel, whereas until 2011 there were already 37 five-star hotel and 35 four-star hotel in Jakarta. These hotel groups which play in Jakarta hotel market consist of international and local brands. Some of international brands in Indonesia which the writer would like to mention are Holiday Inn, Sheraton, Four Seasons, Kempinksi, InterContinental, Hilton International, Ritz-Carlton and Mandarin Oriental. While the local brands also aggressively work to build their own chain, from Santika, Mulia and Sultan to the Sahid Group and many others. The Emerging of Budget Hotel in Jakarta The concept of Budget Hotel in Jakarta began to emerge in 2006, initiated by the Accor Group, France with the Hotel Formule1, which plans to build four other branch of this hotel in Bali, Semarang, Yogyakarta and Jakarta. Then followed by Santika Group with their Amaris Hotel that until 2012 having 22 Amaris hotel and planning to expand the chain by adding another 13 Amaris Hotel. Basically the key players in budget hotel market are hotel groups who already have established their star hotel chains, and because they can see the potential market and demand of budget hotel, they add one line in their chain for budget hotel. Some of the hotel groups are shown in Table 1.: Hotel groups and their brand on star and budget hotel. Table 1.: Hotel groups and their brand on star and budget hotel Hotel Group Star Hotel Brand Budget Hotel Brand Aston International Aston Hotel (3 Star) Fave Hotel Accor Group Grand Mercure (4 star) Novotel (4 star) Pullman Hotel (5 star) Ibis Budget Hotel (previously Formule 1) Grahawita Santika Santika Premiere (4 Star) Santika Hotel (3 Star) Amaris Hotel Tauzia Hotel Management Harris Hotel (4 Star) Pop Hotel PT Intiland Development Grand Whiz (3 Star) Whiz Hotel Source: Adopted from data internal Colliers International, 2012 Budget hotels are known for its low fare hotel (Barrows Powers, 2009, pp.273), where guests can experience staying at good quality hotel, with a low price. The guests pay only for what they use. This will result in not only cost efficiency for the costumer but also for the investor. Based on Colliers International Indonesia data 2012, in year 2011 there are only 6 budget hotels in Jakarta, which are, Formule 1, Menteng by Accor Amaris Hotel, Panglima Polim by Santika Formule 1, Cikini by Accor Amaris Mangga Dua Square by Santika Amaris Soekarno Hatta, Cengkareng by Santika Amaris Senen by Santika In the Figure 1.3 shows the total number of budget hotel in Jakarta since emerged in 2006 to 2012. Source: Adopted from data internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012 Figure1.: The number of budget hotel in Jakarta from period 2006-2012 The Segment of Budget Hotel The main segment of budget hotel in Jakarta is business traveller. The high demand of business activities in Jakarta, which require low price accommodation with limited service, has encouraged budget hotel as a main preference for company in choosing their business accommodation. In addition, there is a shift work system among corporation when they will do expansion into a new area. In the era of the 1990s, to monitor or ensure the potential for business in area which newly initiated, the company usually sends a direct top management (Hari et al., June 2011, p.44). Since 2000s, with the improving economy and quality of human resources, the corporation began to delegate the task at middle management level (Hari et al., June 2011, p.44). In addition, by delegating tasks to the level of management, the costs will be cheaper than sending the top management. Those changes of pattern, then affect the travel business in Indonesia, from the emergence of low cost carrier (LCC) to the mushrooming budget hotel (limited service hotels) which only provide the basic needs of the guests: the comfortable rooms for rest. Basically the potential of business traveler market in Jakarta is quite large, because of few reasons, which are: The improvement in all sectors and positive economic growth has big impact in the increasing of business activity in Jakarta. In their business activity, the businesses often do business trip to out of town, even overseas. And as a central government, trade, services and industry, Jakarta becomes one of the most destinations for business travellers in Indonesia. Based on data from Asia Pacific Business Traveller Research 2011 by Accor Group, the cost which spent for hotel accommodation for Indonesian business traveller is $92/night (2011, p.11), while the average long stay is 2.08 day. (BPS, 2011) As the total business traveller in Indonesia in 2011 is about 90% of the total domestic tourist in Indonesia (Siahaan, 2012), therefore business travellers will be around 6.84 million in a year. Thus from this total of business travellers, there is about $1.3trillion of the total cost of the trip that flows into the hotel industry in 2011. Global financial crisis in 2008 had also triggered the corporation to cut their business travel budget. There are some strategies that they have done during 3 years after the crisis (2009-2011). Based on Ascend Corporate Travel Survey 2012, from 340 respondent of business travellers who based 43% Europe, 30% North America and 17% Asia pacific, there is an increasing number of company which planning to change their choice of hotels to save money in 2011. Whereas this condition was encouraged budget hotel as a preference accommodation for company for business trip The Industry of Budget Hotel in Jakarta What becomes interesting from budget hotel market in Jakarta is how the supply and demand of budget hotel is significantly increasing in the short period of time. Many hotel groups or airline groups expand their business to invest in budget hotel, by seeing the potential demand of this hotel. For instance, AirAsia Group, an airline company based on Malaysia, who became a pioneer of providing a budget airline (Low Cost Carrier, LLC), has also interested to create budget hotel with brand Tune Hotel. After first established in Malaysia in 2007, Tune Hotel has spread in 6 countries, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, England, Thailand, Filipina and Australia. In 2009, they launched two Tune Hotel in Bali which is in Kuta and Seminyak and in 2013, they are planning to expand 13 Tune Hotels in Indonesia which will be in Jakarta, Bekasi, Surabaya, Pekanbaru, Makassar, Sola, Palembang, Tangerang and Bali (Kompas, 5th September 2012, p.19) In the Figure1.: The growth in terms of number of rooms from period 2000-2012 below shows that budget hotels growth compared with 3, 4 and 5 star hotels in terms of number of rooms is rising significant since emerged in 2006. Source: Adopted from data internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012 Figure1.: The growth in terms of number of rooms from period 2000-2012 The significant supply of budget hotel is a respond for significant demand from the market. It can be seen from the occupancy rate of budget hotel which is quite good better than 3 5 star hotels. The Figure1.: The occupancy rate from 5-star hotel to budget hotel shows that only two years after budget hotel has emerged to the market, its occupancy rate is highly better than 3 5 star hotels, even 5-star hotel has the lowest occupancy rate from 2000-2011. Source: Adopted from data internal Colliers International Indonesia, 2012 Figure1.: The occupancy rate from 5-star hotel to budget hotel The higher demand of budget hotel than 3, 4, 5 star hotels gives an idea that budget hotel probably has satisfied their customer and could create their loyalty customers who wants to do repeat purchases of their services. However, before reaching high customer satisfaction level and having loyalty customers, there are values that budget hotel should give to their customer. How customer value creation that budget hotel has done to their customer and how this value creation impacts their customer satisfaction and loyalty that ultimately will increase their demand level and how this customer value creation impacts to the hotel profitability that impact the supply level will be a purpose for this research. Problem Identification Due to the demand of budget hotel is higher than 3, 4, 5 star hotels, thus there is a sign that probably budget hotel has satisfied their customer that ultimately could create customer loyalty who wants to do repeat purchases of their services hotel. However, in order to satisfy their customer and create customer loyalty, they should give values to their customer. Therefore, the issue in this thesis is to analyse The Impact of Customer Value Creation on Budget Hotel towards Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty and Hotel Profitability. There are four areas of research problem, What value creation that budget hotel has done towards its customers? What is the customer satisfaction level of budget hotel as an impact of customer value creation? What are the dominating values in influencing customer satisfaction which will lead to create customer loyalty? How is the profitability level of budget hotel compared to 4 and 5 star hotel as an impact from customer satisfaction and customer loyalty? Research Objective The main purposes of this research paper are: To identify and explain the customers value of budget hotel To identify and explain of customer satisfaction of budget hotel as impacts of the customer value creation To identify and explain the dominating value in influencing customer satisfaction level of budget hotel, which will lead to create customer loyalty To identify and explain the correlation between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty of budget hotel To analyze the profitability level of budget hotel compared with 4 and 5 star hotel as an impact from customer satisfaction level and customer loyalty Significant Research The study is significant because it provides information which will be helpful for the readers: The study is significant in understanding the customer behavior and needs better. The study will address the issue of customer value creation to improve the customer satisfaction to create customer loyalty. The study may be useful for many interested parties, especially: Budget hotel groups. They may use this research to support enhancement of customer satisfaction and relationship Students and internal parties of Swiss German University. This research can be used as a reference for lecturers and other students to conduct further research. The researcher. The result of this research can be used to enrich my knowledge. Academics. The result of this research can be used to do further research in the same industry. Scope and Limitation of Thesis In order that the study on this subject more focus, and to get the benefit from the study, therefore the study limited to: The value creation by budget hotel in Jakarta towards its customer The impact of customer value creation on customer satisfaction and loyalty The impact of customer satisfaction and loyalty on profitability level of budget hotel compared with hotel industry.

Hezbollah the Terrorist Organization Essay -- Politics Terrorism Terro

Hezbollah: Hezbollah is a terrorist organization that originated in Lebanon in 1982. In just more than twenty years Hezbollah has proved itself to be an effective terrorist organization. Hezbollah is much more than just a terrorist organization. In Lebanon it has become a major political party and social force to be reckoned with, as well as a major supporter of other terrorist groups. Hezbollah is a powerful organization and this power has led to its dominance in the world of terror. Hezbollah was formed in 1982 by radical Lebanese Shiites who wanted to create an Islamic state in Lebanon and to free their land of Israeli domination (Byers, 2003). These extremists called their group Hezbollah, in English this translates to Party of God, because it combined political ambition with religious fervor. At this time Hezbollah was small and poorly armed, but soon they came to the attention of Iran. Iran was interested in exporting its brand of Islamic revolution to other Arab countries and in gaining greater influence in the region. Because of this interest Iran sent Hezbollah money and weapons, sent their elite Revolutionary Guard to Lebanon to help in the struggle with the Israelis, and set up training camps for Hezbollah in Lebanon (Byers). By 1985, Hezbollah was an organized group, with clear goals, specific strategies, and the financial resources to carry out its plans. This had been greatly accomplished with the help and support of Iran and Syria. The two main goals of Hezbollah have been first the adoption of Islamic rule in Lebanon. Most important though, is their goal for the removal of Israel. In principle this goal transcends the Israeli occupation of Lebanon. Hezbollah does not believe in the existence of Israel.... ...zbollah Be Next? Foreign Affairs, 82 (6), 54-67. Cohen, Amit. (2004). The Hezbollah Within Us. Retrieved March 30, 2004, from: http: //www.maarivint1.com Copans, Laurie. (2004). Hezbollah Influence Grows Among Palestinians. Retrieved march 30, 2004, from: http: //signonsandiego.printthis.clickability.com Lathem, Niles & Dan, Uri. (2004). Iran, Hezbollah Aid crazed Cleric. Retrieved April 23, 2004, from: http: //www.nypost.com Makdisi, Karim. (2004). Hezbollah 1, Israel 0. Retrieved April 14, 2004, from: http: //www.bitterlemons-international.org Saouli, Adham. (2003). Lebanon's Hezbollah: The Quest for Survival. Retrieved April 1, 2004 from LookSmart's FindArticles database: http: //www.findarticles.com Schiff, Ze'ev. (2004). Background Hezbollah had a Role in Ashdod Bombing. Retrieved March 30, 2004, from: http: //www.haaretzdaily.com

Conflict in The Interior Castle by Jean Stafford Essay -- essays paper

Conflict in The Interior Castle by Jean Stafford The Interior Castle by Jean Stafford is a very disturbing but thought-provoking story of a woman who creates a separate world within her head after being severely injured in a car accident. The conflict of the story is Pansy’s attempted escape from pain. Throughout the story she develops an incredibly intricate world within her own mind. She attempts to run from the pain she feels by retreating into this world in which she has made for herself. After arriving at the hospital with severe facial and cranial injuries due to a car accident, Pansy Vanneman began to lock herself away within her head in silent, unspoken hopes of escaping the terrible pain that surged throughout her body. She spoke mainly to herself within her head and very rarely graced the nurses or attendants with any words at all. She began to wrap her entire existence around what she thought was her one true reason for living: her brain. She did not necessarily worship her mind, but it was the organ itself that intrigued her. In the accident, her brain had been unscathed and she now believed it was some magnificent being that was above anything or anyone that came in contact with her. Throughout the story, Pansy tries to escape any form of pain she feels by retreating deep into her mind, her â€Å"jewel†, as she called it. Even gazing out of the window from her hospital room causes her some form of pain. She sees nothing but death and sadness in the world as she gazes upon the cold, lifelessness of winter. Everything appears cold and dead to her. Her escape is always into her â€Å"sacred brain†, as she thought it should be called. It seemed from time to time, her brain would let her down in one way or another. The bra... ...for by throwing herself around in such ways, she ran back into her mind, hoping to escape any damage that might be done to her. Still, in the end, her brilliant brain, lying in its â€Å"shell-pink satin case†, could not save her from the pain. It couldn’t stop the physical pain of her injuries and it couldn’t block out the reality of the real world. She felt it had failed her by allowing her to be violated by such hurt as the good Dr. Nicholas had inflicted upon her. It could not even shut out the fact that she would one day have to return to the world in which everyone else lived. She lay there, in horrible pain, with what she now referred to as her â€Å"treasureless head†. Pansy believed her brain to be so superior to all things; she thought it could shut out the real world for the rest of her life. When she realized it could not do so, it suddenly lost its worth.

Sexual Discrimination in the Workplace :: Sexual Discrimination Stereotypes Feminism Essays

Sexual Discrimination in the Workplace Sexual discrimination in the workplace is something that many individuals have to deal with. This is not to be confused with sexual harassment, rather different treatment an individual(s) receives because of their gender. I chose to speak to this issue because it seems that no matter what is done, this idea, or 'tradition,' of men being superior to women will not fade out. Sexual discrimination is a major factor in how some stereotypes are derived. Men, on the average, are taller, stronger, and more aggressive than women (Harriman 69). It is believed that women have a slight advantage over men in communication skills and creativity. Women are perceived as delicate and are definitely the only part of the human population capable of bearing children, therefore, working conditions that were set for men were considered to be too dangerous for women (Harriman 47). Consider this scenario. A woman goes to college for four years. She put everything she had into getting an education that would give her an edge on the competition in her field. When she steps out into the world to strive towards her dream career, she finds that doors are being slammed in her face because she is not the right 'man' for the job. It disgusts me to think that I, or any man for that matter, could cause a major downfall in a company (which could also hurt the economy) because I was hired as a male instead of a qualified employee. One may in theory have equal opportunity to demonstrate skills in certain types of employment, but if one lacks money for decent clothes, or in some cases social standing, [or their sex], one is less likely to be interviewed... -Gross 105 This unfair treatment cannot be abolished by just snapping your fingers or closing your eyes and clicking your heels together.

History Museum Visit Essay

Located on the coast of southern California is the city of La Jolla. Now home to almost 40,000 people, this city shares its own historical story from the past one hundred and fifty years through a series of presentations located within three historical structures. These three structures include, The Westeria Cottage, Carriage House and the Current Headquarters. Each structure contributes its portion in putting together the La Jolla’s Historical Society. Currently, the structures are featuring, Home front La Jolla : An American Community during World War 11. The series includes multiple rooms dedicated to different parts in history, along with the different aspects going on during the war. Each room featured many photographs, artifacts and personal stories to exploit the hardship of these times in our history. Many of these items were either donated or loaned by the Veterans Museum in Balboa Park and the Japanese American Historical Society of San Diego. While researching for museums, early in February I came across the main website for these historical sites. It caught my eye because I knew that this exhibit would cast a different kind of perspective than other grand museums. There are a ton of histories on World War II, but there are very few on the home front experience. The La Jolla Historical Society presents a perspective from its society, and shares multiple personal oral stories from its own residents who lived through the war or their surviving relatives, which I found fascinating. It is catered specifically to the effects of World War II on La Jollians. The oral stories provided by this exhibit are not only about what these residents remember about World War II, but also an intake of what life was like beyond that. I viewed this as a much different approach, but was very excited to begin my experience because I knew it would be something new. On April 7th, 2012, I took the opportunity to travel down to La Jolla and visit the museum. The museum is open Thursday-Sunday, Noon to four PM and does not have a fee at all. I was also fortunate to be able to attend on a day where there was a given lecture at five PM, giving me enough time to grab an early dinner before returning again. The lecture, Science & Technology on the Home front, was covered by an oceanographer and U.S Army veteran Walter Munk. He discussed the scientific innovations sparked by the needs of the war effort precipitating a boom in the fields of marine sciences and aeronautics. Entering the museum, I was introduced into a grand room that was divided up by glass cylinders, and it also offered entrances to many other rooms. Initially where you begin the journey, the right wall played an introduction role. It began with the year of 1894, displaying numerous photographs creating an idea of how life was like in La Jolla at the time. â€Å"Everyone knew everyone† quoted by Maurice Bonny was stated at the top of the wall. Photographs included vacation sports such as the La Jolla Caves, as well as the role of the newly invented Trains and Trolleys played and daily lifestyle activities such as golfing and beachside activities. Continuing along, stood in front of me a large wall with a devastating photograph of the explosives on December 7th, 1941. Underneath was the original copy of the U.S Navy Communication Service from that given day, along with an article written the following day by John MaxConnel. This portion of the exhibit also feautured my first chosen artifact, a scrapbook. The oral history of a World War II veteran, Don Shutte, was done by a La Jolla High School student named Ana Ofresky, especially for this exhibit. Don Schutte donated a scrapbook of artifacts of things throughout his experience. It contained images, personal sketches and official documents, including the telegram the Department of War sent to his parents notifying them of his status as missing in action and a POW identification card he was given by the German Army upon his capture and imprisonment during the Battle of Bulge, on December 16, 1944. The final page of the scrapbook contains a letter he wrote to himself on Dec. 2, 1945, stating: â€Å"Hello there, great to be a civilian, isn’t it?† I found this a significant artifact because it told a story of just one man involved in the war in a very unique way. The documents inside this scrapbook were all original and of items I had never se en before. On the opposite side of the room was a large wall which featured certain camps that La Jolla was hosting at the time. These camps included Camp Callan, Camp Mathews and a military base in Bird Rock. Camp Calvin B. Mathews, also known as Marine Corps. Rifle Range was a military base from 1917 to 1964. It was used as a marksmanship training facility for Marine recruits being trained at Marine Corps Recruit. It was issued a rifle base but not until 1923. The base was then constructed to what is now UCSD. Camp Callen was a United States Army anti-aircraft artillery replacement training center that was operational during the time of war but was shut down right after World War II had ended. Lastly, there was another Naval Anti- Aircraft Training Center at Bird Rock, or Pacific Beach. This was a site where sailors would take a six-day course on anti-aircraft artillery. It was opened from 1942 to 1945 and trained about 300,000 sailors to shoot down aircrafts. In a separate and very small room, was a Japanese American side and point of view during the war. It was set up to look like what s room at the internment camps looked like. â€Å"Most Japanese were interned in 10 camps in remote areas of seven western states. No claim of humane intent could change the reality-these were concentration camps. (pg. 736). The room only included a bed and a suitcase which included bedding, a book and one outfit. On the largest wall was a map that displayed the location of all of the internment camps in the U.S and a copy of a poster of instructions for the Japanese living in these rooms. â€Å"Local newspapers there expressed confidence in the loyalty of Japanese Americans, who in any case were crucial to Hawaii’s economy(pg.736)† The room also displayed many newspaper articles, including one from the Los Angeles Examiner on March 23, 1942 announcing relocation of Japanese Americans from Los Angeles to internment camps. It was good to see an example of what kind of media was out during the time. Also in the room was the story of Hiomi Nakamura, a La Jollian born Japanese American who was first transported to a permanent relocation internment camp site, and later drafted to play a role in the was at a laboratory. Also, in this room I found my second artifact, small carvings. In all of the internment camps, people began making what they needed with whatever materials they could find. Scrap lumber became furniture, found metal became knives and for fun, scrap wood was carved into small, painted birds. These carvings were scrap wood paint metal which women also used as jewelry. To the right of this room continues on to an even smaller room. This part of the exhibit was the â€Å"blackout† room, covered with thick black sheets much like those were used by residents at the time to keep light inside their houses. People were so afraid the Japanese would attack that they had to turn out all of their lights at night. Blackouts were enacted to prevent enemy aircraft from reaching their targets by sight. They also helped prevent ships from being viewed in silhouette against the shore, and vulnerable to attack by enemy submarines. Traffic lights and car lights were covered in a way that would deflect their beams to the ground. This is where another one of my artifacts was inspired, a black sheet. These sheets were a source of protection and I feel it exploits a sense of nationalism as well. The community as a whole worked together in order to make sure all the light in their society was turned off. Nationalism is brought up many times in our textbook startin g with the growth of corporate businesses, to the acts of citizens during all three wars. Finally, came the last and second largest room. In this room I found my two remaining artifacts. This part of the exhibit displayed both men and women’s role during the war. It included stories from women who were living at home, while their men were at war. It provided the perspective of what it was like to be a women or even young mother in La Jolla in the 1940’s. Alongside of the roles played living on the home front, it also displayed the new roles women took inside the war itself. â€Å"World War II brought an end to the military as an exclusive male enclave that women entered only as nurses (pg.730).† At first the government discouraged women who wanted to perform some kind of military service. It soon became clear that the war was going to demand more than the government had expected. Women began to do technical jobs normally performed by men. One of the artifacts that I chose from this room was a nurse’s robe from the Red Cross. This robe was not just your typical plain robe but was covered in patches of each army man they had helped. I was barely able to even see any white apart of the original robe. I chose this artifact because it truly portrayed the crucial role women also played in the war. Our textbook gives us a brief overview from the changes of roles women played during the time of war, but the number of patches on this robe opened my eyes to how much more of an important factor these nurses played taking on a great amount of soldiers. The number of men these women helped were astounding, definitely portraying how import a women’s role was. On the other side of the room was a glassed display of a US Army Air force uniform from 1943-1945. It was considered to be the â€Å"Eisenhower jacket,† based on General Eisenhower. In the display were also a M1903 Springfield Rifle and a M1 Grand Rifle alongside what seemed to be a map. The other artifact that I chose from this room was a silk scar f. Now this long silk scarf had nothing to do with fashion, but proved to be a crucial navigation tool during the war. Allied pilots were issued with these scarves that had detailed maps of enemy territory printed on them. The silk scarves also denoted railroads, canals, roads, frontier, churches and lighthouses. Air Power Shrinks the Globe on page 743 of our textbook discusses the growth of airplanes over the period of time of war. â€Å"The Wellington flew 255 miles an hour and cruised as high as 12,000 feet, with a range of 2,200 miles, whereas the new B-29s could travel more than 350 miles an hour, at altitudes up to 30,000 feet, with a range of up to 5,000 miles. (Pg. 743)† At the time, this was a massive step in the evolution of aircrafts and aircrafts at war, but if we compare this to the type of technology we have in our airplanes it cannot compare. Many of us cannot find our ways around our own city without using our mobile devices to navigate us. These pilots were u sing maps printed on scarves to help direct them around! It is incredible. I believe that the site gave an exceptional insight of how life was like prior, during and after World War 11. Each room explained its story well by the display of artifacts, photographs and touching oral stories it presented. The facility was well outlined timeline which exposed a sequence of events. The exhibit related perfectly to the content of this class with all the information and artifacts it presented. Many of the things presented corresponded with what the book had to say about World War II, along with a lot of new material as well. Overall, I was very pleased to have been able to take a day off and visit the La Jolla Historical Society. I was able to learn a great deal of new material which contributed to a better understanding of what times were like during the war, not only as a nation but to the residents of La Jolla.

Employee Privacy Essay

Failure by employees to adhere to work ethics especially in the advent of Internet has led organizations to engage employee-monitoring activities. Where employees adhere to the professional code of conduct less challenges and problems in terms of bad conduct, scandals and conflicts are avoided in the work place. Security and Privacy have become synonymous with Internet use. Rarely can any one think of doing online transactions without first worrying about the twin issues of security, and privacy. Internet security is particularly a tricky and complex phenomenon because of the lack of universality in implementation of various security policies and acts. Secondly, the advent of Internet as well as its ever-rising relevancy and popularity has caught many stakeholders including governments, software companies as well as regulatory agencies by surprise. At first, few would imagine that Internet could be used negatively by employees. However, this has in recent times become a reality and employee abuse of office resources can authoritatively be termed as one of the most dangerous crimes facing organizations today. Finkin, 1995. Professionalism is the practical behavior portrayed in a place by both the employer and employee. Professionalism entails a number of characteristics key of which are the right focus towards the job, positive attitude and being goal oriented. Whether employee monitoring is professional behavior or not is very much debatable but definitely it is unfair for an employer to jump into secretly monitoring and surveying employees in the work place without their consent. Once employees notice that, they are under surveillance they are likely to become irritated and betrayed. As much as employers’ have a right to take all measures possible to cut down costs of production especially by minimizing wastage, this should be applied up to agreeable limits without infringing on personal freedom. Professionalism involves display of interest in the job, good communication skills, work etiquette, accountability and commitment to teamwork. If both the employer and employee adhere to professional conduct in their respective roles, incidences, which warrant surveillance, would significantly drop. In some instances, some employers rush into surveillance at the slightest provocation and sometimes the fear is not warranted at all. Majority of the organizations are rushing to install monitoring systems not because of security threats but rather because of technological evolution. S. Elizabeth, 1998. Their argument is valid bearing in mind that many organizations are keen to embrace modern information technology for the sake of public relations as opposed to warranted situations. Revolution in information technology has impacted on professionalism in that employers are more likely to overlook the professional aspect of a decision in favor of technological advantage, which comes with the kind of decision. Interestingly, many managers do not carry out studies to establish the employees’ attitudes towards such a decision before making those decisions. Privacy. Privacy can be defined as the personal interests touching on the individual’s right to personal space, whereby freedom from interference is guaranteed by the state or the organizations one works for. Hunt, 1984. Privacy of personal communication in the work place is jeopardized when an individual’s communications is tempered with, therefore curtailing the freedom of communication of the individual. The most common way this occurs in organizations is whereby the employer or management tracks and accesses employee communication otherwise not meant or directed to them. This occurs when employers use modern technology such as electronic surveillance to hack employees’ private information. A recent business survey on the extent of electronic surveillance in work places in US established a growing trend of employers in many corporate organizations using modern technologies to hack employees’ private information. This is alarming especially when it is coming in the wake of employee concerns about the advent of one being surveilled against their wish all day long. The prospect of gathering and sharing information amongst departments in organizations has made it easy to conduct business while at the same time cutting cost of communication dramatically. According to current research findings, it is approximated that most companies save up to 20 percent of operational costs by embracing modern technology. Finkin,1995. This is a significant amount of revenue considering that businesses exist to make profits by embracing effective and efficient technology. This leaves no doubt that effort to embrace information technology as long as it is applied in the right way is welcome. Despite the ranging debate on the right of employees to privacy, the employers seem to justify their action and every step of it. Before the advent of surveillance technology in the local organizations, the existence of employee theft especially in retail companies and in some key departments in organizations was a common occurrence. Finkin, 1995. Employers monitor employees for three major reasons; one legal liability, security, and productivity. All the three reasons put forward seem to be justifiable reasons but there is a need for legislation to govern the process for such legal framework lacks in most of the organizations. Majority of the big organizations in USA have adopted monitoring as way of ensuring security and not mainly for surveillance of employees. The latter is not a priority but employers cite it as a good deterrent to those employees who may want to misuse company property. Although the main purpose put forward for the introduction of the monitoring system was for the purposes of detecting crime, it is worthy mentioning that employers do use evidence garnered from the cctvs in apprehending workers for gross misconduct in the work place. McWhirter, 1989. In conclusion, it is not fair for an employee to oppose being monitored while he/she continues to act unprofessionally in the workplace. No employer will risk their business at the expense of employee privacy. It is therefore worthy noting that, depending on the situation, monitoring employees can be justified as long as it makes business sense.

Wonder Woman

Wonder woman is one of the greatest superheroes of all time. She was conceived as a symbol of loving femininity that would dominate the male instincts towards war and destruction; she does this through empowerment. Wonder Woman acts as a very condensed version of Charles Moulton, the creator of Wonder Woman, theories on gender and the urges of men and woman. Although misrepresenting his own theory of the humanity for men and women, Wonder Woman is the perfect allegory to Moulton’s idea that men can only be forceful and aggressive, while women are capable of both force and love. Women represent love; men represent force. Man’s use of force without love brings evil and unhappiness. Wonder Woman proves that women are superior to men because they have love as an additional force† (Steinem 345). In the Wonder Woman comic book, as a reminder of what they were put through and why they were made, all Amazons must wear bracelets that resemble the shackles they were once th reatened with. Most young boys do not possess the empathy needed to put themself in the mind of an Amazon princess.For the ones who do, are often ridiculed for having an egalitarian worldview about men and women. â€Å"No wonder I was inspired and confused by the isolationism of Paradise Island: Did woman have to live separately in order to be happy and courageous? No wonder even boys who could accept equality might have felt less than good about themselves in some of these stories: Were there any men who could escape the cultural instruction to be violent? , Steinem stated showing her empathy for young boys. This just goes to show that no matter how against the grain one may be for their time, some parts of the culture, especially in regards to gender roles, gets drilled into your head. Ignoring all of the controversy on the situation, males should be able to form their own conclusions about equality in American society today without conviction and travesty from others.

Los Angeles Independent Media Causes Essay

The Los Angeles Independent Media Center is a website that allows for left wing issues to be reported and shared on the web for all to see. They have over two dozen different categories that people have reported on ranging from animal rights and anti-war to immigration and indigenous rights and issues. Arizona has a proportionally large number of illegal immigrants working in the state just like California. Naturally this was one of the categories that caught my eye. When reading some of the article I came across a story from 2007. It was a march in Los Angeles (LA) in which mostly immigrants participated. They were marching because they wanted to be treated just as fairly as the legal citizens of the United States. They preached that they have been working just as hard to contribute to the economy of this country. There are two sides to any story and this is true in this case as well. On one hand they are doing the jobs that normal Americans do not want to do but others argue that they are here illegally and should not have the same rights as legal Americans. These two sides will be debated for years to come until someone can come up with a reasonable solution that will satisfy both side. The idea of illegal â€Å"under the table† help is too engrained within our society that it would be impossible to eliminate the issue over night. Not only are illegal immigrants fighting for their rights, but in some cases so are Americans. In California Wal-Mart would contract with temporary job agencies to fill jobs working in warehouses. These workers can be exposed to toxic chemicals and extreme heat conditions. They are also sometimes not given the wages that they were promised. Because Wal-Mart uses third party companies to supply the labor they have in the part denied any wrong doing in the situation. Of course in this case there are no unions to represent the workers and them facing the threat of losing their job if they express their dissatisfaction of their working conditions. Some groups are not even worried with the thought of having a job; they just want to protect areas that have existed for hundreds of years. Kuruvungna means: â€Å"A place where we are in the sun† in the Tongva language. For thousands of years the Tongva people lived here in relative peace and harmony with their environment until the European invasion of the Americas. (Sunday, 2012) In 1992 a group of environmentalists was able to secure a piece of land that was located on a public school’s property for the low cost of one dollar a year. This piece of property contained a natural spring that once belonged to the Tongva people before they were forcefully removed. The spring is said to have natural healing powers as well as native fish species, fresh water crayfish, a 200 year old Mexican Cypress tree, oak trees, hummingbird sage and other native grasses. The group is trying to secure another long term lease for the same price. One of the more controversial issues of our times is the use of genetically modified foods for consumption. These foods consist of simple fruits and vegetable to more complex animals like cows and pigs. One major reason behind this is that scientists can modify items to produce more nutrient rich foods for consumption. Scientists can also produce animals that can be modified to produce medicine, organs for transplant, meat or even engineered pets. It seems like a good idea to have enough organs and such to go around so that way no one would have to wait for a transplant and in the long run saving human lives. The biggest debate is to determine whether a human life is more important than that of an animal. This debate has been going on for some time now and will probably keep going on especially since the US Food and Drug Administration has taken steps to allow for the sale of genetically engineered animals. One of the biggest issues we have in America is politicians supporting special interest groups and not the constituents they were elected to represent. The City of Fullerton California was faced with a lawsuit from a construction company after denying the company’s proposal to develop a more suburban sprawl in one of the last bits of natural ecosystems in Orange County. Initially the city council had voted to deny the request from the company. In a strange turn of events, a year later the city voted to settle with the company and approve the proposal. Currently citizens have collected signatures to get a referendum on the next ballot to hopefully overturn the city’s decision. Every year across the country we hear about budget cuts in the education system. Along with the cuts we also hear of colleges increasing tuition to cover basic costs. So the question remains how can a school cut costs because it does not have money yet at the same time raise tuition? People finally had enough and all across the country students were walking out of class in protest and joined their community members in protests at superintendents’ offices, city councils and board meetings to express their concern with all of the cuts that have happened. In recent months teachers have joined the effort, which has become inspiring that they seem to not have a concern for their jobs while they protest. Alas, the protests have had little success as we still see cuts being made and tuition is still being raised semester after semester. America is in the middle of a war and with that comes anti-war protests. Different groups have tried to use different tactics to draw attention to their cause. One group protests on thanksgiving while others have protested on Christmas ask the question: what would Jesus choose? One of the more powerful messages came from a group back in 2009. They staged a mock funeral precession honoring those American and Iraqi people who have died during the war time period. These protests have been so powerful that the president vowed to end the war if he was elected. The baby boomer generation has grown up with the knowledge that if they want their voice heard then they organize a protest or a walk. After a bad statement from a Canadian police officer in 2001, large groups of women took to the streets to get the word out about sexual assaults. The groups organized what they called a â€Å"Slut Walk. It is one of those situations in which they should have thought about how the name of their walk could be portrayed within the community. These walks have occurred throughout the world to include the US, Canada, UK, Australia and several European countries. These walks have had support from several large human rights groups such as Planned Parenthood, CA National Organization for Women and Peace over Violence. There are many different subjects for people to post article on that would spark criminal acts and public disorder. These subjects include Anti-War, Class War, Immigration, Police State, and Racism. These are all catalysts for groups to recruit people who believe in their cause. The best part about the website is that people can post at any time they wish. It also helps that the website has multiple links to other cities, states and foreign countries similar websites. This is crucial because it does not bog down the website with data and provides a worldwide platform for left wing issues and causes.